The 1920-1929 Boom to Bust Period in America Essay

The 1920-1929 Boom to Bust Period in America - Essay Example The researcher states that the boom to burst period is of great importance inciting the US history. This is the period that transformed many things in America ranging from cultural, political, economic activities and the general social life. It is cited as the origin of the America we know today in a wide view. Impacts of 1920-1920 Boom to Burst on U.S Society. This period explains how Americans acquired the notions attached to them today. It helps us understand the America history and in turn voyage the present and the future. It illustrates how US transformed over a short period in terms of the notions of power, liberty and equality. It also shows how the changes in America affected the world at large. The historical changes brought about within this period can be resumed under the following headings. Economy: This period brought with it much economic advancement, which helped shape the future of the American economy. Many economic policies came up such as credit purchase, small go vernment and supply-side economics proved a great success. The reduction of main taxes gave entrepreneurs an incentive to work, invest and save leading to innovations and new discoveries due to venture in risky businesses. Later improved policies such as the fiscal and expansionary policies were introduced. Technology: The boom to burst period is the basis of U.S technological and infrastructural development. It saw the discovery of electrification that made it possible for other innovations for instance radio and motion pictures. The availability of money provided people with security and therefore, they were not afraid to try many things. This period also saw the construction of new infrastructure such as roads, bridges and tunnels. Culture and lifestyle: There was introduction of a new culture and way of life that would dominate the rest of the twentieth century. The economic prosperity provided many Americans more spending money and more leisure time, which they directed to maki ng their lives enjoyable for instance theatre, music and other forms of entertainment. Most people in the rural areas migrated to the urban areas in search of jobs. Accumulation of wealth also led to rise of classes due to unequal distribution of income. This led to segregation and clustering of people in different areas according to their classes. Gender Equality: This period saw the rise of women from being discriminated and undermined due to their gender. The expanding markets provided an opportunity for women to get jobs and get paid. Many single working class women held their jobs for the wages and their families. Some held jobs in order to free from parental authority and develop a personal identity. In addition, women also attended colleges and this led to the fading away of the traditional notion about women. All these factors enabled women to become more independent and achieve women rights in the constitutions. Entertainment: In this period, a lot of things changed in the world of entertainment and many others came up. One example is the film industry when Hollywood came to light. Music also advanced with the introduction of the Jazz music by Louis and Duke. Many sports such as boxing, golf and baseball, also rose to new heights of popularity. These led to rise of heroes like Babe Ruth in baseball and Jack Dempsey in boxing.

Authoritarian Rule in Latin America Essay Example for Free

Authoritarian Rule in Latin America Essay â€Å"Latin American politics since independence have been characterized by instability, authoritarianism, and violence. In a three page essay please discuss the role of the military in creating such problems using the chapter in the course reader entitled â€Å"The Good Sailor. † Also, discuss whether or not the Argentinean case is typical or unique to Latin America. Provide explanations and analysis from â€Å"The Good Sailor,† lecture, and the textbook. An â€Å"A† paper will use all three. Use size 12 Times New Roman font. The paper must be typed (or word-processed) on standard size paper (8 ? y 11) and double spaced with appropriate margins. Use MLA format with parenthetical citations-i. e. (Rosenberg, 84). † Violence in Latin America is a significant part because so much of it is political: planned, deliberate, and carried out by organized groups of society. It is used to make a point. The above quote supports that the violence and military is interrelated and it is used as tool by the military to instill fear and dominate people of the Latin America. Ranked as the third most unstable region in the world in the post-war era, political instability has been a pervasive problem in Latin America. Whether it is a caudillo, a charismatic boss with an armed following, or a general leading a golpe de estado or an authoritarian institution, Latin America is conceived as an authoritarian region always ruled by either military or civilian leaders. Only three Latin American countries were consistently democratic over the thirty year period from 1935 to 1964: Costa Rica, Colombia, and Venezuela. During this time, there were 56 changes of government by military coups in 20 Latin American nations. In sum, political instability is a persistent and pernicious problem in the region. The question arises how military insurrection remained instrument of ruling in Latin America. It might be because since the time of caudillos, violence when used as a method to rule has brought desired results and authority. So it has become a used and proven instrument in the ruler’s toolbox. Also, it might be possible that the institutional inertia of the violent politics as inherited from predecessor’s success is deep rooted in the psychic of the rulers. Brazil was the first of these Institutional dictatorships. When military rule began in 1964 after the overthrow of Joan Goulart, it was not a long project but hard liners in military demanded more and more until soft liners came into action in 1974 to loosen up the political rein. This military regime was institutionalized and created two political parties to channel political activity [Skidmore, Thomas Pg 358-360]. While in Chile, you will see the example to an institutional regime changing into personalistic one with emerging of a dictator Augustus Pinochet, who ruled Chile from 1973 to 1989. Pinochet staged a very bloody coup in which probably 2,000 people were killed in the coup and in the years immediately afterwards. Most Chileans supported some sort of army intervention, in part ironically because of their democratic history. They felt, It cant happen here. Our military isnt like the other militaries. They meant that the Chilean military cannot be as brutal as Argentinean military was. Our military will come in and restore order and clean house for six months and then leave. Seventeen years later, the military left after carrying on one of the most brutal and repressive regimes in Latin America and becoming a symbol of state terrorism. Argentina presents one of the most acute cases in the period after 1955. In this country during this period there occurred 12 military coups. While Colombias violence had its roots because of the lack of social order and the Government’s inability to place rules on a most chaotic society, in Argentina, the junta that came in power in military created exactly the opposite situation. When the military coup came into power in 1976; it suffocated Argentina with social order. It took over the educational institutions, changed the life style of people even their appearance. [Article â€Å"The Good Sailor† Pg. 13] Alfredo Astiz, a lieutenant general for the Navy who was active in it from 1970 to 1995. [Article â€Å"The Good Sailor† Pg. 24] Astiz was in Task Force 3. 2. 2 which killed more people during the Dirty War than any other group. The Dirty War lasted from 1976 until 1983 and involved people getting disappeared. The term disappeared describes those who vanished during this period and were probably killed by the military before being tortured in inhumanely ways. It is these trocities and the new and brutally creative ways to torture people that made the Argentinean military different from the other regimes in Latin America. The term Dirty War originates in the military junta itself, which claimed that a war, albeit with different methods was necessary to maintain social order and eradicate political subversives. Although the junta claimed its objective to be the eradication of guerrilla activity, the repression struck mostly the general population, and specifically all political opposition, trade unionists (half of the victims), students, and other civilians. Many others were forced to go into exile, and many remain in exile today. When the Dirty War was a year and a half old, it had disappeared more than 6,500 Argentines. [Article â€Å"The Good Sailor† Pg. 12. ] Even though the military knew in 1978 that 90% of the left was eradicated, they kept on fighting against imaginary subversives for 5 more years. Human rights were not important to the Argentines. Despite contrary opinion from the military, the article â€Å"The Good Sailor† by Tina Rosenberg proves that excessive torture occurred. It is evident from testimonies in the article and the experience of Vilerinos. Article â€Å"The Good Sailor† Pg. 15, 16. ] He talked about a torture chamber with an electric shock machine, torturing instruments and sand bags to hit people so no marks would show up. The military General and even the low rank officers believed that they have godlike powers instilled in them and it is their duty to clear all the dirt from the society by killing people they see fit. They had no shame in executing horrendous tortures instead they took pride and enjoyed the process. As compared to Argentina, Mexico had one part rule (PRI ruled since 1929 to 2000) rather than military wars but still there was colossal bloodshed. It is not that only military intervention brings in political instability and violence as Mexico is a live example of both. However, after the study of the article â€Å"The Good Sailor† and reading the book â€Å"Modern Latin America† it seems to me that the extent of atrocities military regimes brought is incomparable to civil dictatorship. It is their hunger for power and vehemence to rule that make them feel they are god and have right to â€Å"punish† people. â€Å"Here we are the only gods† said by a torturer in a chamber after brutally torturing a 52 year old women.

Marketing plan for indian bottled water company

Marketing plan for indian bottled water company This marketing plan is a part of a larger business plan that the team thought of during preliminary discussions. The idea of introducing flavored water in the market emerged from the Indias urban residents are becoming increasingly health conscious. In fact, Off-trade constant value sales of bottled water are predicted to grow by an 18% CAGR over the forecast period 2009 and 2014(source Euromonitor).FMCG players have responded by re-examining their ingredient strategies and formulations to ensure that they suit new healthy habits. Urban consumers are increasingly on the hunt for substitute for carbonated drink creating new market opportunities for an array of suppliers. The current flavored water market is highly unorganized with major manufactures being in-house chefs and roadside vendor. They supply to local hotels, sweet shops and are now slowly moving into supplying to organized retailers. We recommend the Indian Parle a FMCG giant to venture in the untapped flavored market to get first mover advantage in India. The established AquaFina brand can be used to launch the product. The end consumer is from 0 80 years as water is meant from infant to everyone. There is an opportunity to position and offer premium and differentiated water in India today. Water has to be scaled higher in terms of positioning both from functionality perspective, as well as from a lifestyle perspective. Key statistics of the Indian bottle water market: Situational Analysis The flavored market in India is small, only about Rs 11 crore out of the total bottled water market of about Rs 1,100 crore. But many small market segments have been known to explode with the entry of good products. For example, enhanced and flavored waters were just $ 234 million in the US in 2000. By 2010, the category is projected to grow to $ 8.6 billion and is the fastest growing beverage category The 2009 India Soft Drinks Report indicates that carbonated beverages consumption is declining in India for consecutive years since 2007. Packaged water growth projections, however, are in excess of 40 per cent, with still drinks (Frooti, Maaza and others) growing at under 10 per cent. Parles Bisleri, PepsiCos Aquafina and Cokes Kinley at present rule the lower end of the Indian packaged water category, priced as they are between Rs 10 and Rs 14 for a 1 litre bottle. The top end is dominated by imported brands like GroupeDanones mountain water brand Evian and Nestles sparkling water brand Perrier, priced between Rs 80 and Rs 110 a litre. Himalayan costs Rs 25 a bottle. Flavored water falls in the mid-priced segment of the bottled water category. Competition Coca-Cola is expected to launch Bonaqua. Globally, Bonaqua sells sparkling flavored water in ranging from strawberry, litchi, apple and mint to lemon and lime. Coca-Cola already sells in India the bottled water brand Kinley. Tata Tea is also looking to extend Himalayan into flavored water. PepsiCo too is believed to be planning to extend its bottled water brand, Aquafina, into flavored water. Nestle executives refused to comment. Aqua Montana India recently launched a carbonated niche drink, Slim and energy drink, Explode and is also looking to make a foray in the flavored water space. Customer In terms of the socio-economic factors, Indian lifestyle is undergoing a massive socioeconomic change, which is also being reflected in food habits. People want value for time, money in terms of quality and variety. The scenario in India is alarming with respect to increasing cases of obesity. According to a research conducted by NHFS (National Health and Family Survey), obesity has already affected 12.1 percent males and 16 percent females of the country ¡Ã‚ ¯s total population, and the percentage is growing rapidly.. The need to shift to healthy drinks from high-sugar containing beverages that can be achieved through consuming flavored water is really important to control obesity. Collaboration Parle can collaborate with the restraunts and wedding houses for placing it in their complimentary drink menu It can collaborate with IRCTC to provide bottled water in railways It can collaborate with airlines to place it in airports and provide it during travel Parle can work with the health care awareness committee like NHFS to highlight the importance of shifting from high calorie drinks to low calories drinks Channel No matter how strong the top of the mind is, brands in this category are consumed depending on shelf space availability and chill space availability. Thus it has to flood all possible channel Marketing Objectives As suggested by the Ansoff Growth Matrix, our strategy would be one of Product development and to some extent that of Diversification. This would entail the following: Increase the market share This can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and perhaps more resources dedicated to key account selling Target increased usage by potential customers, e.g. Introducing frequent buyer schemes, loyalty schemes To drive sales, we could also consider the following: Innovative product dimensions or packaging: e.g. offering combo packs, family packs, increasing pack size. Proper mix of distribution channels, e.g. making it available in up market supermarkets, kirana stores, confectionaries, canteens and railways and airlines Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segments, e.g. large size packs could be sold at prices the consumers deem economical. Introduction of niche segment variant like flavored water for infant -This may require the development of new competencies and communications mix accordingly. The plan deals with the changes that can be brought about to introduce the new product, packaging, distribution, pricing and communications mix to ensure better awareness as well as capture a significant amount of the target Since we are positioning the Sheetal as a healthy substitute for other beverages, the following excerpt from Euromonitor report on packaged foods strengthens the future prospects of this product. Health-based drinks have increased in favor in 2009. Capitalizing on the social acceptance of conspicuous consumption, so long as health was not compromised, companies launched a wide array of products across categories. Products highlighting health, such as energy bars and drinks, digestive biscuits, and healthier edible oils, all found ready takers, even as brands jostled for differentiation Financial Objectives To achieve a crore plus sales in all of the 7 metros where the launch happens in the first quarter of launch. The metros where the product will be launched are Bangalore, NCR, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata and Pune. To break even within 3 quarters and make profits by the end of first year of operation The detailed calculations can be seen in the action program and execution section. Marketing Objectives To create an upbeat market for flavored market in Indian metros Become the market leader with 80% market share of organized market in the flavored segment by leveraging the first mover advantage The rationale behind the strategy and objectives set is driven by the following factors: To achieve higher market penetration in bottled water segments. Selling to markets and/or target segments not previously identified. To accelerate growth in accordance with the forecasted growth rate of the bottled water category. To nurture the brand identity and promote brand awareness through increased advertising and sales promotions. The objectives outlined above are in conformance with the company mission We are in the business of refreshing India with our products, refreshing the market with new categories and refreshing ourselves through innovation. Market Segmentation The dietary habits of busy city dwellers are gradually changing, with many giving in to convenient packaged beverages meals. There is a rising incidence of double-income nuclear families and growing numbers of single working men and women professionals with fast-paced lifestyles means. These increasingly lack the leisure or skills to prepare elaborate Indian beverages like Jaljeera/Mint Water / Mango Water . Thus, while beverages may not be able to match the taste of home food, consumers are still attracted by its convenience, hygiene and with these generally proving major draws rather than just taste. City 95 00 03 04 05 Mumbai 10,743 11,713 12,289 12,503 12,709 Delhi 8,198 9,542 10,336 10,616 10,881 Bangalore 3,690 4,186 4,483 4,589 4,696 Kolkata 4500 4568 4581 46060 4628 Chennai 4013 4184 4260 4310 4340 Hyderabad 3285 3418 3485 3526 3565 Pune 1930 2423 2735 2839 2935 Source: National statistical offices, Euromonitor International From the above data depicting the population rise in the target cities, it can be seen that the number of urban households in the major cities is about 1.72 million. If we consider the top 50 major cities in India this figure grows much higher. Double-Income nuclear families This is an increasing urban phenomenon and is buoyed by the trend of more and more couples choosing to have children much later in the marriage. With more women entering the workforce with increased focus on work life in urban areas, this trend is expected to continue. This segment is characterized by a fast paced life with little consideration for saving money. Singles Sustained economic growth and an increasing number of young professionals entering the workforce have seen a rise in the number of single member families in urban areas. Young adults are finding BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) jobs an early introduction to earning money. This segment is characterized by people with a high disposable income, busy lifestyles and relatively lower culinary skills (in particular single working men). The early adopters seem to be the singles segment, where homemade preparation for one is not considered worth the time, Supermarkets see high sales value growth Middle class Indians, with a credit card, or food coupons provided as part of their salary package have adopted organized food shopping. These shoppers are keen to take up special bulk purchase offers and deals. They also have the advantage of browsing in shops and choosing, without the intervention of the shopkeeper or salesperson. Increasingly, urban Indians are using both the local grocer and the supermarket. The groceries the preferred choice for basic food supplies and the supermarket for a wider choice of processed foods such as jams, pickles, sauces, juices and ready mixes. This is giving organized food retail high sales value growth, as these stores are selling higher volumes of value-added foods. Among the upper middle and wealthier classes, the modern retail outlets are used for basic commodities as well, as there is a feeling that the private labels offer cleaner well-picked produce than the local grocer does. As a result, there is some amount of store loyalty, as customer s prefer a particular chain. Marketing Implementation Action Programs The entire marketing program and the action plan execution is elaborated with respect to the 4 Ps in the section. We have done a consumer survey to better understand the marketing mix Product Sheetal is a forward integrated product extension to the superbly successful Bisleri which has a market share of 16% in India presently. The concept is not new. We have historical evidences that Indian Maharajas drank water with Indian Herbs to stay healthy and fit.Adding herbs to drinking water has been in vogue in many parts of our country In Kerala, in most of the hotels jeera water is being served even today Our country has a rich herbal treasure like vettiver, athimathuram, vallarai, ginger, seeragam, brahmi, tulasi, nimbu, pudina, orange, amla, narangi, hibiscus, samandhi, jasmine, etc.Thus consumers get a variety of flavours to choose from.So there would be many flavours but initial one would be Pudina Jeera Strawberry Raw Mango Medicinal herbs Tal Mishri (for infants) The product will be marketed in 4 sizes 300ml small pack , 1 litre medium packs and 25 liter large packs.The shelf life will be of 90 days without refrigeration Size Quantity Retail Price Small 300ml Rs 6 Medium 1 lit Rs. 18 Large 25 lit Rs. 400 Price One can sell their products as raw goods; value added goods, goods bundled with services or goods dramatized with experiences. Given below is the value addition that can be brought about in wheat by various levels of value add and the multiplication factor in price applicable with each value add. Value addition Flow Price of 1 litre of water = 10rs Price of flavors available in market (Rasna) = Rs. 4 Other material used like salt, sugar etc = Rs 4 Price of preparing one liter flavored drink at house = Rs 18 Our product priced at = Rs 18 Place Sheetal will only be sold in metros initially i.e. Mumbai, NCR comprising of Delhi, Noida and Gurgaon, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata and Pune. This is primarily because the target audience of this product is concentrated in these cities. The distribution channels employed for Sheetal has to be multi-dimensional as it tries to focus on a wide class of people from young working singles to mothers. Hence the distribution channels will come under 3 categories Super market chains like Big bazaar, Star bazaar etc For distributing to these chains, the proven sales and distribution channels of Parle will be leveraged. Local stores selling food items The stores selected will vary depending on the markets. In case of south India, the focus will be selling in the following category of outlets Retail outlets selling perishable food items like vegetables, milk etc These upcoming outlets are the initial form of organic stores in India. People who are looking for fresh perishable items target these stores. Confectionaries selling packaged food and snacks Bakeries are the coveted place for south Indians especially the metro class in south to grab a quick snack or a convenient packaged food. Kirana stores As both these kinds of outlets are non-existent in North, the selling will be through the neighboring kirana stores which form the ubiquitous neighborhood shopping point for the target audience. Collaboration with roadside ice cream vendors: People eating ice-cream some time to quench their thirst. If flavoured water is available they may drink it and enjoy ice cream for its taste Key Accounts Railways The IRCTC sever Rail NEER on the railways and along with those other drinks. Often the govt policy lead to ban of carbonated products. IRCTC can bank on this as a politically safe product promoting indianization Hotel Chains: The hotel chains provide chef prepared welcome drinks most often than not these are not seen as very hygienic and not taken by consumer. The flavoured drinks would be readily acceptable by the consumer Smaller restraunts : They will have thirst quencher extra apart from the usual carbonated drinks Marriage halls: The concept of Jaljeera and Pudina drink is very popular in marriages in India. They are generally prepared handmade and the stall gets overcrowded due to large preparation time. This packaged flavored water is both convenient and healthy Caterers : They get a ready to serve menu on their hand Promotion Flavored water is being introduced in India for the first time. That is why Sheetal definitely has the first mover advantage in this new niche of the market. As the positioning of the product is such that it promises to deliver the thirst quenching qualities of water, with an essence of fruit and mint flavor, it will appeal to a wide variety of consumers from age group 10 to 60. Also its medicinal benefits will make it most suitable for school going children (age 8-16) and also elderly people (age 55-70). As in this equatorial part of the world the summers are generally very long and hot, the demand for a thirst quenching medicinal beverage will definitely drive most of the sales for the year in that concentrated period in the year. As the concept of the product itself is very new, the product will require an extensive promotional program through multi channel, multi vehicle techniques. There is a need of aggressive promotional activity so as to create awareness among the consumers about the new product and communicate the values which the product offers. We have come up with following four key promotion vehicles which would be most effective in the current scenario Advertisement Sales promotion Personal selling Sponsorship Advertisement This is the most important mode of communication we would use. Following are the various tools we plan to use Television We will advertise on different primetime channel like Zee, sony, star etc. The programs will be mainly family and children programs and the timing will be family viewing timing Radio Various FM Channels like radio One, Radio City Red FM etc will be used to broadcast innovative ads in the morning and evening hours News print Newspaper dailies like TOI, Hindu, ET etc will be used to carry out ad campaign in sizes varying from 200200 ads to full page ads on weekends Magazine Magazines like India today business week etc will be targeted to convey the values to the targeted audience. Bill Board Major city crossroads will be covered under this promotional scheme to carry Posters of the products, and snapshots of the television ads to generate recall Mobile and internet These are very new channel in advertising are found to be pretty effective among the young generation of the country. Social networking sites like face book, orkut, twitter, etc can be used to carry out promotions. Sales Promotion This is just a backup for the failure of advertisement strategy. In this case several small retailers in small towns will be provided certain margin which they can utilize to push customer to try out the new product on the need basis. Well set some targets for the retailers to achieve at the end of each month and would reward the successful retailers. Personal Selling Will be putting up stalls and counters in colleges universities, malls and shopping centers. Will distribute free samples and conduct taste drives in cities to make people aware of the product. Will carry out online contest and get feedback from the customers. Sponsorship Sheetal will be promoted by sponsorships of various national and international events, both in the sporting and cultural light this will create visibility of the brand and will expose the brand to a wide audience. Well put up stalls in the event areas and distribute free sample to the consumers. We also plan to get the brand endorsed by celebrities and famous personalities to build brand image among the consumers. Annexure 1 PROFIT CALCULATION The 1st quarter sales target and the 1st year sales target from different metros are given below City Quarterly sales revenues Annual sales revenue Bangalore 5,00,00,00 2,00,00,000 NCR 5,00,00,00 2,00,00,000 Mumbai 5,00,00,00 2,00,00,000 Chennai 25,00,00 1,00,00,000 Hyderabad 25,00,00 1,00,00,000 Pune 125,00,00 5,00,00,00 Kolkata 125,00,00 5,00,00,00 Projected Revenue Projected quarterly revenue Rs. 2 crore Projected annual revenue Rs. 8 crore Project annual sales volume 44 lakhs litre Production Cost Cost of goods sold/kg Rs. 12 Annual cost of goods sold Rs. 4,80,00,000 Packaging expenses/kg Rs. 0.50 Annual packaging expenses Rs. 20,00,000 Yearly fixed cost component Rs. 50,00,000 Total production expenditure Rs. 5.5 crores Selling Expenditure Annual advertisements and promotions Rs. 1 crores Annual Salesmen commissions (2% of sales) Rs. 48 lakhs Slotting fees in first year Rs. 52 lakhs Total selling expenditure Rs. 2 crores Total Expenditure = Production cost + selling cost Gross Annual Profits = Revenues Expenditure Total Expenditure Rs 7.5 crores Gross Annual Profits Rs. 50 Lakhs Annexure 2 Questionnaire 1 .Do you drink Tap water or mineral Water for daily use? Tap 100 % Mineral 0% 2. How often do you drink mineral Water? Daily 0 % Outings 70 % Occasions 100% 3. How many glasses of water you drink daily Less than 6 30 % 6- 8 50 % More than 8 30 % 4. You drink Mineral Water Because Hygiene 50 % Taste 10 % Brand conscious 20 % 5. You dont drink mineral water because: Costly 50 % Dont feel any difference 10 % Has Water purifier at home 40 % 6. You drink which mineral water brand? Aquafina 20 % Kinley 50 % Bisleri 20 % Others 10 % 7. Have you ever tasted flavored mineral water? Yes 10 % No 90 % 8. If flavored mineral water is introduce in market do your buy it? Yes 70% No 30 % 9. Will you prefer flavored mineral water over ordinary? Yes 30 % No 20 % They are different 50 % 10. Flavors you like Pudina 30 % Jeera 50 % Strawberry 10 % Other 10 % 11. What price you are willing to pay for 1 litre 12 -15 20 % 15 -18 60 % 18 -20 20 % 12. You see flavored water as alternative of 1 Carbonated Soft Drink 30 % 2. Lassi 10 % 3. Fruit Juice 20 % 4. Homemade jaljeera 40 %

Compare and Contrast Tennysons Mariana with Brownings Porphyrias Lov

Compare and Contrast Tennyson's Mariana with Browning's Porphyria's Lover. What is the emotional state of each speaker and how effectively is this conveyed? Tennyson and Browning were contemporary Victorian poets. During his lifetime, Tennyson was made Poet Laureate. His poem 'Mariana' is very cyclical and minimal. The mood is depressive, which reflected Tennyson's family traits, as Tennyson himself was very susceptible to depression. However, Browning's 'Porphyria's Lover' is very linear as the action clearly moves from one stage to another and is not so repetitive. The remote and rural location of each poem portrays a sense of loneliness and isolation that is directed towards the central character. This heightens feeling and emotion and enables them to be introspected and egocentric. Both Mariana and Porphyria's Lover as people are unhappy with their current lives. They both desire love, as they feel frustrated because of their lovers. However, the two are slightly different. Mariana has been dejected whereas Porphyria's lover needs to control the relationship. In verse one of 'Mariana', the overall theme is one of isolation and neglect. The 'rusted nails' and 'broken shed' set the scene that Mariana too is neglected throughout the poem. 'My life is dreary' is Mariana showing her depression and also turning the misery in on herself; her lover 'cometh not'. Verse two shows Mariana crying. Her misery and gloominess are overwhelmingly apparent. Also her isolation from people is evident as she is shown to be in-tune with nature as her tears correspond to the drops of dew in the fields around her. Other features of her background are also appropriate. 'She glanced athwart the glooming flats' sugges... ...f, 'O God, that I were dead!' Another similarity is obvious here because both solutions are death but the difference is that Mariana but must commit suicide. 'Mariana' is very much a Victorian feminist poem in stressing female passivity, which was very prominent in that era. 'Porphyria's Lover' reinforces the idea of male activity and dominance compared with females having the over ruling power. Both poems are very successful in portraying desperate situations but focus on different points. Tennyson is very effective in showing a switch in power and the thought process of the central character. However, Browning's depiction of detail around Mariana's entrapment is most impressive. The way we can see her life going round and round in circles with amazing background ingredients is fantastic imagery by Tennyson. Therefore I think Mariana is more effective. Compare and Contrast Tennyson's Mariana with Browning's Porphyria's Lov Compare and Contrast Tennyson's Mariana with Browning's Porphyria's Lover. What is the emotional state of each speaker and how effectively is this conveyed? Tennyson and Browning were contemporary Victorian poets. During his lifetime, Tennyson was made Poet Laureate. His poem 'Mariana' is very cyclical and minimal. The mood is depressive, which reflected Tennyson's family traits, as Tennyson himself was very susceptible to depression. However, Browning's 'Porphyria's Lover' is very linear as the action clearly moves from one stage to another and is not so repetitive. The remote and rural location of each poem portrays a sense of loneliness and isolation that is directed towards the central character. This heightens feeling and emotion and enables them to be introspected and egocentric. Both Mariana and Porphyria's Lover as people are unhappy with their current lives. They both desire love, as they feel frustrated because of their lovers. However, the two are slightly different. Mariana has been dejected whereas Porphyria's lover needs to control the relationship. In verse one of 'Mariana', the overall theme is one of isolation and neglect. The 'rusted nails' and 'broken shed' set the scene that Mariana too is neglected throughout the poem. 'My life is dreary' is Mariana showing her depression and also turning the misery in on herself; her lover 'cometh not'. Verse two shows Mariana crying. Her misery and gloominess are overwhelmingly apparent. Also her isolation from people is evident as she is shown to be in-tune with nature as her tears correspond to the drops of dew in the fields around her. Other features of her background are also appropriate. 'She glanced athwart the glooming flats' sugges... ...f, 'O God, that I were dead!' Another similarity is obvious here because both solutions are death but the difference is that Mariana but must commit suicide. 'Mariana' is very much a Victorian feminist poem in stressing female passivity, which was very prominent in that era. 'Porphyria's Lover' reinforces the idea of male activity and dominance compared with females having the over ruling power. Both poems are very successful in portraying desperate situations but focus on different points. Tennyson is very effective in showing a switch in power and the thought process of the central character. However, Browning's depiction of detail around Mariana's entrapment is most impressive. The way we can see her life going round and round in circles with amazing background ingredients is fantastic imagery by Tennyson. Therefore I think Mariana is more effective.

Business Etiquette and Manners Essay

Each time one makes contact with ones employees, employers or customers one leaves a certain impression of oneself and the company, service or product one represents and first impressions always do make an impact on achieving business objectives. Therefore it is very important for one to leave the right perception on people by learning how to properly conduct oneself in a business environment. Business etiquette is how one does what one does in the business world. This is true on factory assembly lines, corporate boardrooms, commercial kitchens and grocery stores. When working in an office all day, it is very important to showcase good manners and proper office etiquette. Listed below are some pointers regarding proper behavior: * Treat everyone with respect: If you want to encourage the office behavior of respect, you must start by giving it to others at all times. From the receptionist at the front desk to the CEO of the company and prospective clients, modeling respectful attitudes toward all people is the first step in fostering work professionalism. Respect must also be given to individuals who come into contact with you that are not part of the company, including delivery persons, office equipment repair persons, property managers and especially customers. Be kind and courteous to everyone. * Addressing individuals by their honorific or title: Due to informality in the workplace today, a lot of business is lost, and goodwill destroyed, because of total disregard for properly addressing clients. The proper way to address clients is to greet them using their honorific or title followed by their last name; women should be referred to as ‘Ms. ’ Regardless of their marital status. Refer to individuals frequently by their names: Take the time and make the effort to pay attention to the name of the person you are being introduced to. A person’s name means everything to them. To build rapport with a client, mention their name several times during the conversation, it helps in making a connection with the client and reaching out to them on a personal level. * Introduce people with confidence: Most people hate making introductions, because they do not know how to properly make them. Introducing people with confidence is a great way to impress your customers. In business, introductions are determined by precedence. The person who holds the position of highest authority in an organization takes precedence over others who work there. For example, you introduce your company’s president to a colleague. * Be on time: Punctuality is one of the key criterion’s of judging your potency as a worker. Ensure that you reach your office and corporate events you might be invited to punctually. If at all practicable try reaching ten minutes early. This may give you an opportunity to relax and unwind before you commence with your work. If you are a guest, understand that the organizer has been selective with the invitation list. Many invitations will include a brief agenda that highlights when guests may arrive for the event, typically providing a window of 15 to 30 minutes for registration and welcome reception times. * Wear proper office attire: Watch your garments. While this holds true for any one, it holds even more importance for ladies. Your office is meant to be a place for work and not some fancy dress competition. At work, you should be dressed in a straightforward yet smart fashion. Formal suits and dresses should be worn in neutral colors so that they reflect your professionalism. Make contact: There are few physical contacts that are appropriate in business; the most important and acceptable is your handshake. Your handshake is a non-verbal clue that indicates to the other person whether or not you are a take charge person. For example, a firm and strong handshake suggests that you are decisive, in control. Greet everyone with a firm, sincere handshake, a friendly smile and direct eye contact. However, when approaching a group of individuals, it’s important to note that you should always shake the hand of the highest ranking officer first. Maintain a healthy office environment: Keep the space professional and neat with appropriate personal touches! People will see the space and consider it a reflection of you. Whether it is a cubicle or office, respect others’ space. Don’t just walk in; knock or make your presence gently known. Don’t assume acknowledgement of your presence is an invitation to sit down; wait until you are invited to do so. Don’t interrupt people on the phone, and don’t try to communicate with them verbally or with sign language. You could damage an important phone call. Limit personal calls, especially if you work in a space that lacks a door. Learn when and where it is appropriate to use your cell phone in your office. Food consumption should generally be regulated. Smells and noise from food can be distracting to others trying to work. * While dealing with customers: Name-tumblers when we introduce ourselves or other people has become a major problem; especially on the telephone. We need to slow down and pronounce our names slowly, clearly and distinctly. At first it may feel as if you are exaggerating your name, but you are really helping the other person and improving overall communication. When dealing with angry customers, it is important to restrain your anger, remain calm, listen to them and assure them that you will solve their problems. Especially over the telephone while handling complains, speak softly. That will soothe the speaker and show him or her that you’re interested in handling the complaint in a calm, rational way. Learning the rules of business etiquette is not very hard and it is not costly as many companies offer formal training on business etiquette, including communications, attire, networking, international business etiquette and new hire etiquette training. People truly desire to do business with those that make them comfortable and know how to best handle themselves in a variety of situations. Learning to incorporate good business etiquette into the workplace will pay dividends both in employee morale and on your company’s bottom line. Customer loyalty also improves when good business etiquette is in full force as it is reflected in the atmosphere of your office or shop.

Pablo Escobar essays

Pablo Escobar essays Pablo Escobar was a man of power and riches during his time in history. Escobar was listed as the seventh richest man in the world in 1989. Coming from Medellin, the second largest city in Colombia, Escobar started off as a small time gangster and a car thief. His small time crimes would never amount to what he was going to become. In the late 1970s Escobar and his cartel became one of the most powerful organized crime organizations. The cartel consolidated the cocaine industry controlling as much as 80 percent of cocaine worldwide. Escobar, a heavy pot-smoker cultivated a relaxed, informal life style with his friends and associates. Escobar was not as friendly to his enemies he was vicious and feared by everyone. For example when one of Escobars bombs brought down an Avianca Airliner in Colombia in November 1989, Killing 107 people, he become one of the most feared terrorists in the world. He was considered the brains of the cartel and had a stand up reputation with the people of Medellin. He built many things for the community such as a hospital, housing for the poor and other types of charity. Which lead to being elected as an alternate to Colombia Congress in 1983, Escobar enjoyed widespread popularity among the poor in Colombia, especially in his home state of Antioquia. Some called Escobar the Robin Hood-type criminal among Colombias poor. At the height of his power in the late 1980s, he was in control of the multibillion- dollar export of Colombian cocaine to the United States. He was at that time the most notorious drug trafficker in the world running his cocaine business surrounded and protected by the Colombian army. Estimates were made that 70 to 80 tons of cocaine were being shipped from Colombia to the United States every single month, and Escobar and his cartel controlled the bulk of it. This soon turned violent in 1984, when Colombia began cracking down on the cocai...